Some Oppama History

The northernmost district of Yokosuka City, which borders Yokohama City is called "Oppama" (追浜).  It is place with an interesting history.  During the early 20th Century, the coastal area of Oppama was developed into a large air base for the Imperial Navy -- it became the birthplace of Japanese naval aviation.  Its official name was: "Yokosuka Naval Air Technical Arsenal".  After World War II, the airfield and facilities were taken over by U.S. Occupation Forces, and it was renamed Naval Air Station Oppama.  Following the Korean War, in the late-1950s, NAS Oppama was closed down and returned to the Government of Japan.  A few years later, in 1961, Nissan Automobile Corporation built a large factory on former air base land -- "Nissan Oppama" became a large part of Yokosuka's economy, with several thousand employees, and many other smaller supporting businesses & subcontractors.  Oppama train station is on the Keihin Kyuko line, just a few stops from Yokosuka Chuo station.  Nearby and stretching away from Oppama station is a large & vibrant traditional shopping street ("shoten-gai" 商店街) filled with small businesses, retailers, restaurants, etc.  Oppama also is the site of a popular summer festival and occasional night bazaars.

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追浜の歴史１ - すまい造りの佐野工務店 | 横須賀市追浜の工務店すまい造りの佐野工務店 | 横須賀市追浜の工務店

We spoke with Takeshi Aoki, who published 'A Tour of Oppama’s History' and served as the director of the Oppama Administrative Center in Yokosuka City. He is currently active as the head of the 'Aoki Juku,' organized by the Kanagawa Shimbun, to learn about the changes in the town of Oppama.

Tracing its history, Oppama is a treasure trove. Long ago, the coastline of Kanazawa and Oppama, with Nojima, Natsushima, and Eboshijima islands, was said to have been very scenic. Natsushima was inhabited by ancient Jomon people around 9,500 years ago, and the Natsushima Shell Mound, now a nationally designated historic site, still exists there. 

The beaches around Natsushima are where, a century ago, an Imperial Navy captain flew a French-made seaplane. Less known, but just before the Nissan Oppama Factory, the oldest ritual site called the 'Natagiri Ruins,' featuring a rare ox skull used for rain-making ceremonies during the Kofun period, has been discovered intact.

In the Muromachi period, the construction of temples began, and Nōei-ji Temple was founded in the first year of Ōei (1394). Behind Nōei-ji Temple is the Enokido Yokoana group from the Nara period, and the artifacts excavated there are displayed at the temple. Additionally, Jitoku-ji Temple was founded in the 14th year of Ōei (1406), and Hōfuku-ji Temple was also established around the time of the Ōnin War in the 2nd year of Bunmei (1470).

In the late Edo period, in the 6th year of Kaei (1853), the U.S. Perry Expedition anchored off Natsushima and even landed on the island to collect flora and fauna. At this time, Commodore Perry surveyed Yokosuka Bay and named Sasukehana Bay and Natsushima as Webster Island. 

Upon returning to America, having observed the skillfulness of the Japanese, he predicted that if the country ended its isolation and opened up, introducing technical expertise, Japan would become a nation capable of competing with Western countries in manufacturing in the future. With the advent of the Meiji era and the advancement of modernization, Perry's prediction was precisely realized, symbolized by the old Yokosuka Naval Air Corps and the Naval Aviation Arsenal in Oppama.